- Identity
- HPTLC fingerprint or microscopy to confirm Urtica dioica and the plant part, leaf or root.
- Marker assay
- Where standardized, markers by HPLC, such as caffeoylmalic acid or chlorogenic acid for leaf; root extracts are sold by extract ratio or a stated marker. The COA should name the method.
- Heavy metals
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS against the buyer's limits and any Prop 65 exposure targets.
- Microbiology
- Total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella. Raw cut herb and powder carry more microbial load than extracts and may be steam treated.
- Pesticide residues
- Multi-residue screen by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, required for organic claims and commonly asked for on conventional lots.
- Physical tests
- Loss on drying, particle size or mesh, and for extracts the extract ratio, carrier and residual solvents (USP <467> or the buyer's spec).