- Identity (HPTLC)
- Fingerprint against a Gynostemma pentaphyllum reference.
- Gypenosides assay
- Total gypenosides by UV spectrophotometry or by HPLC; the two methods give different numbers, so the method belongs on the COA and the spec.
- Residual solvents
- For extracts made with ethanol or other solvents, residual solvent levels against USP <467> or the buyer's spec.
- Heavy metals
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury, usually by ICP-MS, checked against the buyer's limits and Prop 65 exposure targets where relevant.
- Microbiology
- Total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella. Raw herb powders carry more microbial load than extracts and may be steam treated, which should be stated on the COA.
- Pesticide residues
- Multi-residue screen, required for organic claims and commonly requested for conventional material.