- Identity (HPTLC)
- Fingerprint against Angelica sinensis root reference, distinguishing it from other Angelica and Levisticum species.
- Marker assay (HPLC)
- Ferulic acid and/or Z-ligustilide by a named HPLC method.
- Sulfur dioxide
- Residual SO2, since some roots are sulfur-fumigated during drying.
- Heavy metals
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS, checked against the buyer's limits and any Prop 65 exposure targets.
- Microbiology
- Total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella (often Staphylococcus aureus too).
- Pesticide residues
- Multi-residue screen by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, required for organic claims and commonly requested for conventional material.