- Identity
- Macroscopic and microscopic examination or HPTLC fingerprint to confirm Arctium lappa root. Wild-collected root has been confused with toxic look-alikes such as belladonna root, so identity on each lot matters.
- Inulin or marker content
- Inulin by enzymatic or HPLC methods, or chlorogenic acid by HPLC, where the spec calls for an assay; much burdock root is sold on identity and extract ratio alone.
- Heavy metals
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS against the buyer's limits and any Prop 65 exposure targets.
- Microbiology
- Total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella. Raw cut herb and powder carry more microbial load than extracts and may be steam treated.
- Pesticide residues
- Multi-residue screen by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, required for organic claims and commonly asked for on conventional lots.
- Physical tests
- Loss on drying, particle size or mesh, and for extracts the extract ratio, carrier and residual solvents (USP <467> or the buyer's spec).