- Viable count (CFU/g)
- Plate count on MRS agar under the conditions the supplier's method states, reported as CFU per gram against a minimum; some suppliers also report flow cytometry counts (ISO 19344). The count, not the weight, sets how much goes into each batch.
- Identity
- Species confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing or a species-specific PCR, and the strain confirmed against the deposited strain by a strain-level method such as whole-genome sequencing or a strain-specific PCR.
- Water activity
- Water activity of the powder measured with a water activity meter against a low maximum, since viable counts fall faster in moister powder.
- Contaminant microbiology
- Non-lactic contaminants such as Enterobacteriaceae or coliforms, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and mold, plus absence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in a stated sample size.
- Heavy metals
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS, mostly a reflection of the carrier and cryoprotectants in the powder.
- Allergen statement
- Declaration of milk, soy or other allergens used in the growth medium or carrier, which buyers need for their own label review.