- Identity
- Infrared spectrum matched to a reference standard, plus specific optical rotation, which confirms the L-form of leucine.
- Assay
- Purity on a dried basis by nonaqueous titration or HPLC, reported against the USP, FCC or supplier specification.
- Related substances
- Other amino acids by HPLC or TLC; isoleucine and valine are the usual companions in fermentation-grade leucine.
- Loss on drying and residue on ignition
- Moisture by loss on drying and inorganic residue as residue on ignition (sulfated ash), with chloride and sulfate where the specification lists them.
- Heavy metals and microbiology
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS, plus total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella.
- Wettability (instantized grades)
- Lecithin content and dispersion time in water, which show whether the instantizing coat is doing its job.