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Beta-carotene

Beta-carotene suppliers and sourcing guide

Beta-carotene is an orange-red carotenoid pigment (C40H56) used both as a source of vitamin A and as a food color. Most commercial supply is made by chemical synthesis; natural-source material comes from fermentation with the fungus Blakeslea trispora, from the alga Dunaliella salina, or from palm oil. The pure crystals do not dissolve in water and oxidize readily, so brands usually buy an oil suspension, a beadlet or a water-dispersible emulsion or powder.

Also known as
β-Carotene · all-trans-beta-carotene · Provitamin A · E160a · CAS 7235-40-7
Facts checked
November 2026

Forms and grades of beta-carotene

Suppliers sell different products under the same name. Specify the one you need.

  • Oil suspension

    Micronized crystals suspended in vegetable oil at a stated percentage (30% is common), for softgels, margarine and fat-based foods.

  • Beadlets and dry powders

    Beta-carotene in a gelatin or starch matrix at stated percentages such as 10% or 20%, for tablets, capsules and dry blends.

  • Water-dispersible emulsions and powders

    Color grades for beverages and dairy; particle size and formulation set the shade, from yellow to orange.

  • Natural-source

    Beta-carotene from Dunaliella algae, Blakeslea trispora fermentation or palm oil; algal and palm material carries other carotenoids alongside beta-carotene.

What to check on the COA

Compare each result with your own specification when the lot arrives.

Assay
Beta-carotene content by UV-visible spectrophotometry or HPLC; 21 CFR 73.95 sets a spectrophotometric assay of 96 to 101 percent for the color additive.
Identity and isomer profile
HPLC against a reference standard, with all-trans and cis isomers reported, which is most relevant for natural-source material.
Loss on drying and residue on ignition
Moisture and inorganic residue; 21 CFR 73.95 limits each to 0.2 percent for the color additive.
Heavy metals
Lead and arsenic, which 21 CFR 73.95 limits to 10 ppm and 3 ppm for the color additive, plus cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS.
Residual solvents
Solvents left from extraction or crystallization, by GC, for extracted and natural-source grades.
Microbiology (dry forms)
Total aerobic count, yeast and mold and pathogens for beadlets and powders.

Storage, lots and expiry

Storage and shelf life

Beta-carotene oxidizes and fades on contact with air, light and heat, so keep it in sealed, light-proof, nitrogen-flushed containers in a cool place. Oil suspensions should be mixed before sampling or use because the crystals settle. Shelf life and retest intervals come from the supplier specification, with assay as the main retest check.

Lots and expiry dates

Assay and, for color grades, hue can differ between lots, so record each lot's assay and run a test batch where shade matters. Keep synthetic and natural-source lots as separate items, since label and marketing claims depend on the source.

Regulatory status

Facts from regulators and standards bodies, each linked to its source.

This is general information, not regulatory advice. Status differs by country and by how the ingredient is used, so check the rules for your product and market.

Beta-carotene suppliers

Manufacturers and distributors whose own websites say they sell it.

  • Lycored

    Manufacturer

    Carotenoid producer that grows its own tomato varieties for lycopene and also supplies lutein from marigold, astaxanthin from algae and beta-carotene from fungal fermentation, as nutrients and food colors.

    • Kosher
    • Halal
    • ISO 9001
    • FSSC 22000
    • cGMP

Suppliers are in alphabetical order and none pays to appear. Each claim is checked against the supplier’s own website on the date shown. Ask for the specification sheet and a recent COA before you order, and confirm details with the supplier.

Frequently asked questions

What forms of beta-carotene can brands buy?

Common forms include oil suspension, beadlets and dry powders, water-dispersible emulsions and powders and natural-source. Ask each supplier for the specification sheet of the exact grade they quote.

What should the COA for beta-carotene include?

Expect assay, identity and isomer profile, loss on drying and residue on ignition, heavy metals, residual solvents and microbiology (dry forms), each with its method, specification and result for that lot.

How should beta-carotene be stored?

Beta-carotene oxidizes and fades on contact with air, light and heat, so keep it in sealed, light-proof, nitrogen-flushed containers in a cool place. Oil suspensions should be mixed before sampling or use because the crystals settle. Shelf life and retest intervals come from the supplier specification, with assay as the main retest check.

What is the regulatory status of beta-carotene?

21 CFR 184.1245 affirms beta-carotene as GRAS as a nutrient supplement in specified foods, and describes it as synthesized from vitamin A acetate. 21 CFR 73.95 lists beta-carotene, prepared synthetically or obtained from natural sources, as a color additive for foods that is exempt from certification. Under 21 CFR 101.9, a statement of the percent of vitamin A present as beta-carotene may be declared voluntarily on the nutrition label. Health Canada's Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements monograph lists beta-carotene as a source ingredient for vitamin A.

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